Journal 9:
Jason Trollback brought up some interesting ideas concerning design and motion graphics. In his talk, he discussed things like designing for a purpose, using motion to let a story flow in a natural, seamless way, and designing for purpose rather than pure visuals. I thought it was cool to hear how he explained designing with expression, and how one can design with a certain message to create impact. I do agree that designs have more relevance when trying to convey or promote a very particular cause, movement, or action with a lot of emotion. I also liked how Trollback spoke about inspiration. I tend to forget that inspiration can be found outside the world of art and design, it is just a matter of exploring. The strength of visual communication relies on many things, from the self-determination of the designer to the concept in itself, which should be well-explained and developed before actual designing begins. Trollback did well to reinforce some older points that I've read while bringing some new ones to my attention.
Journal 10:
Good.is:
What I found most interesting about GOOD is its ability to condense information to its simplest form while still retaining valuable information. The infographics carry a great deal of information, but through use of strong, simple icons and repeated imagery, a reader/viewer is still able to soak in the basic idea conveyed. For example, two infographics I looked at were one that depicted worldwide oil usage through size contrast of oil barrel icons, and an infographic depicting heart disease myths using symbols as the dominant imagery. I thought both were well-designed and they let the information flow in an extremely successful manner. I also watched two motion graphics videos, one depicting the cost of war and another reviewing the year of 2008. I found with both that the narration, type, and imagery were well connected and the pacing just right. It was cool to see how well the dialogue synced accordingly with quirky illustrations and well organized type. The transitions were unique, and each subject within the videos had a natural change without becoming disconnected.
As far as the style goes, I love GOOD's aesthetic. The illustrations are well drawn but still grounded in a way that doesn't leave me overpowered when I'm trying to look at all the little factoids. The color usage tends to be limited, but this only strengthens the overall design. The type isn't necessarily dynamic, but the standard usage of two or three typefaces just made me understand that GOOD only does so to let one know that whatever you're looking at is clearly something GOOD did.
Simplicity and concision seem to be a large part of GOOD's representation. You can learn a lot through very little.
Me llamo Jon Duong. This is a blog for design school.
Sunday, April 17, 2011
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
Type in Motion
On Black Power:
Who is speaking?
- Malcolm X
Why was/is the speech important to society?
- Was addressing the civil disobedience of followers of Martin Luther King
Why do you feel this is important or interesting?
- I find it interesting how he calls for action and unity within the black community before trying to make efforts to unite with the rest of the nation. He is trying to reinforce a strong foundation within his race.
What is the emotion, mood, tone, personality, feeling of the speech?
- It seems a little less formal with frequent "um's" and "uh's" and therefore more inviting to a listener, as if it were in conversation rather than speaking to a large group. It is intimate.
What is intonation, emphasis, what is loud, stressed, or soft. Where are there pauses...
- Emphasis is placed on the racial identifiers. Words like "black" and "white" are raised slightly in volume. Problems like "drug addiction" are stressed.
What do you FEEL should be loud or soft, long pause or rushed?
- I would have to say the problems addressed by Malcolm should be louder if anything, and the rush of locations at the end of the speech should be as well.
Is there a call to action? When listening to it what are key/emphasized words?
- Before trying to unite with the whites of America, Malcolm stresses that blacks need to first become accepting of each other and unite together, rather than on their own movements. Some stressed words include "blacks" "whites" "potential" "vices" "community"
How does it make you feel? How do imagine that the audience felt?
- It made me feel that every point he made was correct. I felt motivated, and I can imagine the audience felt the same way when it came to taking action.
Could there be another interpretation of the speech?
- I doubt it, it wasn't really cryptic by any means. Pretty much a straightforward speech during the civil rights movement.
Write/find a short bio, of the person giving the speech.
- Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little) was an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. His detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. The beliefs expressed by Malcolm X changed during his lifetime. As a spokesman for the Nation of Islam, he taught black supremacy and deified the leaders of the organization. He also advocated the separation of black and white Americans, which put him at odds with the civil rights movement, which was working towards integration. After he left the Nation of Islam in 1964, Malcolm X became a Sunni Muslim, made the pilgrimage to Mecca and disavowed racism, while remaining a champion of black self-determination, self defense, and human rights.
On February 21, 1965, in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom, Malcolm X began to speak to a meeting of the Organization of Afro-American Unity when a disturbance broke out in the crowd. As Malcolm X and his bodyguards moved to quiet the disturbance, a man rushed forward and shot him in the chest. Two other men charged the stage and fired handguns, hitting him 16 times. Furious onlookers caught and beat one of the assassins as the others fled the ballroom. Malcolm X was pronounced dead at 3:30 p.m., shortly after he arrived at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital.
Malcolm X has been described as one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. He is credited with raising the self-esteem of black Americans and reconnecting them with their African heritage. He is largely responsible for the spread of Islam in the black community in the United States.Many African Americans, especially those who lived in cities in the Northern and Western United States, felt that Malcolm X articulated their complaints concerning inequality better than the mainstream civil rights movement did.
Who is speaking?
- Malcolm X
Why was/is the speech important to society?
- Was addressing the civil disobedience of followers of Martin Luther King
Why do you feel this is important or interesting?
- I find it interesting how he calls for action and unity within the black community before trying to make efforts to unite with the rest of the nation. He is trying to reinforce a strong foundation within his race.
What is the emotion, mood, tone, personality, feeling of the speech?
- It seems a little less formal with frequent "um's" and "uh's" and therefore more inviting to a listener, as if it were in conversation rather than speaking to a large group. It is intimate.
What is intonation, emphasis, what is loud, stressed, or soft. Where are there pauses...
- Emphasis is placed on the racial identifiers. Words like "black" and "white" are raised slightly in volume. Problems like "drug addiction" are stressed.
What do you FEEL should be loud or soft, long pause or rushed?
- I would have to say the problems addressed by Malcolm should be louder if anything, and the rush of locations at the end of the speech should be as well.
Is there a call to action? When listening to it what are key/emphasized words?
- Before trying to unite with the whites of America, Malcolm stresses that blacks need to first become accepting of each other and unite together, rather than on their own movements. Some stressed words include "blacks" "whites" "potential" "vices" "community"
How does it make you feel? How do imagine that the audience felt?
- It made me feel that every point he made was correct. I felt motivated, and I can imagine the audience felt the same way when it came to taking action.
Could there be another interpretation of the speech?
- I doubt it, it wasn't really cryptic by any means. Pretty much a straightforward speech during the civil rights movement.
Write/find a short bio, of the person giving the speech.
- Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little) was an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. His detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. The beliefs expressed by Malcolm X changed during his lifetime. As a spokesman for the Nation of Islam, he taught black supremacy and deified the leaders of the organization. He also advocated the separation of black and white Americans, which put him at odds with the civil rights movement, which was working towards integration. After he left the Nation of Islam in 1964, Malcolm X became a Sunni Muslim, made the pilgrimage to Mecca and disavowed racism, while remaining a champion of black self-determination, self defense, and human rights.
On February 21, 1965, in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom, Malcolm X began to speak to a meeting of the Organization of Afro-American Unity when a disturbance broke out in the crowd. As Malcolm X and his bodyguards moved to quiet the disturbance, a man rushed forward and shot him in the chest. Two other men charged the stage and fired handguns, hitting him 16 times. Furious onlookers caught and beat one of the assassins as the others fled the ballroom. Malcolm X was pronounced dead at 3:30 p.m., shortly after he arrived at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital.
Malcolm X has been described as one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. He is credited with raising the self-esteem of black Americans and reconnecting them with their African heritage. He is largely responsible for the spread of Islam in the black community in the United States.Many African Americans, especially those who lived in cities in the Northern and Western United States, felt that Malcolm X articulated their complaints concerning inequality better than the mainstream civil rights movement did.
Sunday, April 3, 2011
Journal 8
Type Means Never Having To Say You're Sorry:
I think a few alternatives to Futura would have to be Gotham, Helvetica, and Trade Gothic. The character widths of Helvetica and Trade Gothic are similar to Futura and Gotham retains the same cohesiveness of most geometric san-serifs. While I do believe that Futura is a great typeface in terms of versatility of applications, I should always remember that lots of other typefaces can serve the same purpose as Futura. Even though which tends to be a safe choice, it may not be the best for a design.
Designing Under the Influence:
Michael Beirut's article initially discusses the iconic usage of Futura in Barbara Kruger's work and how she created a definitive style through her usage of the typeface. It then goes on to question if a graphic design style can actually be owned by any one person amidst designing from influences, as homages, or even approprations. The article also asks the amount of design history one must know before even conceptualizing. As for me, I think this article brought up a valid point on the terms of plagiarism in the design world. Being a student, I have to draw inspiration from somewhere, but to the degree it is reflected in my designs needs to be evaluated all the time. For me there's quite an amount of apprehension to making design risks when all I see risk-wise seems to have been done in the many years that have past. So to question originality, I should really evaluate my designs constantly, always wondering what I can do to make something that follows good conventions but hone in on what makes it my own.
I think a few alternatives to Futura would have to be Gotham, Helvetica, and Trade Gothic. The character widths of Helvetica and Trade Gothic are similar to Futura and Gotham retains the same cohesiveness of most geometric san-serifs. While I do believe that Futura is a great typeface in terms of versatility of applications, I should always remember that lots of other typefaces can serve the same purpose as Futura. Even though which tends to be a safe choice, it may not be the best for a design.
Designing Under the Influence:
Michael Beirut's article initially discusses the iconic usage of Futura in Barbara Kruger's work and how she created a definitive style through her usage of the typeface. It then goes on to question if a graphic design style can actually be owned by any one person amidst designing from influences, as homages, or even approprations. The article also asks the amount of design history one must know before even conceptualizing. As for me, I think this article brought up a valid point on the terms of plagiarism in the design world. Being a student, I have to draw inspiration from somewhere, but to the degree it is reflected in my designs needs to be evaluated all the time. For me there's quite an amount of apprehension to making design risks when all I see risk-wise seems to have been done in the many years that have past. So to question originality, I should really evaluate my designs constantly, always wondering what I can do to make something that follows good conventions but hone in on what makes it my own.
Sunday, March 27, 2011
Monday, March 14, 2011
Journal 6: Thirty Conversations on Design
For me the most inspirational design is probably album covers. Good album covers are able to sustain time with moving artwork. They also speak to the personality of the musicians in a way that defines the aesthetic of their musical culture in a way that has largely shaped personalities of listeners.
The problem design would need to solve is idea development. For some it takes a large volume of exploration to get the right idea, and for others good ideas come almost immediately. If there were someway ideas could be generated more efficiently that didn't entirely exhaust creativity, that would be swell.
K. Kirk & N. Strandberg:
Kirk and Strandberg find the iPhone to be the most influential design. Its interface is convenient and practical, allowing for mobile possibilities in business and leisure. Its changed business and social practices. For them, design needs to improve compatibility and universal accessibility in smart-phones. With the growth of social networking, connection is at high demand, and communities need to develop ways of allowing the rapidly growing ways of staying connected with individuals. I would agree with Kirk and Strandbergs points. The iPhone has most certainly changed communication for the better, because it gives us what we want faster. As a society, are patience is lessening, and the iPhone improves this to a degree. I feel that people would most certainly benefit if communities were able to increase electronic accessibility.
Jake McCabe:
McCabe finds paper to be the most influential design. Its creation is strenuous in coming up with the correct colors and textures, but the blankness leaves for much opportunity creatively. For McCabe, design needs to solve sustainability. Designers need to ask the questions no one has asked, for the solutions to those questions can make revolutionary design. I thought McCabe's view on paper was interesting, because I never view paper as an opportunity, but rather as a means of starting something. For sustainability, I felt he made a good point, because solutions to new problems are fresh and eye-catching.
Jessica Helfand:
For Jessica Helfand, students are the most influential part of design. This is because Helfand feels because students thought processes and imagination are ever-changing and growing, that she herself is learning from them. For Helfand, the problem design needs to solve next is problem solving itself. She feels that solutions need to be solved with the long-term in mind, rather than the immediate. I would agree with both of Helfand's points, for I have yet to stick with any one design mindset or philosophy, and though I currently think with immediacy in design, I should probably start to broaden the thought process when it comes to solutions.
Kit Hinrichs:
Hinrichs finds that the most influential design is typography. For him typography expresses emotional value through its letterforms and its versatility allows for usage on infinite applications. What Hinrichs feels needs redesigning are airports. He states that much of the technology within seems to be outdated, as well as the methods of security checks. As far as the relevance of typography goes, I would obviously agree with Hinrichs. There is so much personality in the typefaces I've come to know and appreciate, and I think that it is one the most important aspects of visual communication as a whole. As for the airport redesign, I wouldn't necessarily say it needs revamping just yet. Airports seem to do a good job with crowd control and security measures anyway, so don't fix it if it isn't broken.
Tony Hawk:
A professional skateboarder and owner of several skateboard companies and foundations. Tony Hawk finds the most inspirational design for him comes from Apple products. By developing visually appealing electronics and simplified operating systems, Apple has strived to create products that are more accessible to the general public. I myself agree with Hawk's praise for Apple products because as an owner of a Macbook and iPod, I found that initial use was easily done and the overall look Apple has created really speaks to me. Apple has created a near-minimalist aesthetic that reflects a sense of cleanliness, concision, and simplistic beauty.
The problem design would need to solve is idea development. For some it takes a large volume of exploration to get the right idea, and for others good ideas come almost immediately. If there were someway ideas could be generated more efficiently that didn't entirely exhaust creativity, that would be swell.
K. Kirk & N. Strandberg:
Kirk and Strandberg find the iPhone to be the most influential design. Its interface is convenient and practical, allowing for mobile possibilities in business and leisure. Its changed business and social practices. For them, design needs to improve compatibility and universal accessibility in smart-phones. With the growth of social networking, connection is at high demand, and communities need to develop ways of allowing the rapidly growing ways of staying connected with individuals. I would agree with Kirk and Strandbergs points. The iPhone has most certainly changed communication for the better, because it gives us what we want faster. As a society, are patience is lessening, and the iPhone improves this to a degree. I feel that people would most certainly benefit if communities were able to increase electronic accessibility.
Jake McCabe:
McCabe finds paper to be the most influential design. Its creation is strenuous in coming up with the correct colors and textures, but the blankness leaves for much opportunity creatively. For McCabe, design needs to solve sustainability. Designers need to ask the questions no one has asked, for the solutions to those questions can make revolutionary design. I thought McCabe's view on paper was interesting, because I never view paper as an opportunity, but rather as a means of starting something. For sustainability, I felt he made a good point, because solutions to new problems are fresh and eye-catching.
Jessica Helfand:
For Jessica Helfand, students are the most influential part of design. This is because Helfand feels because students thought processes and imagination are ever-changing and growing, that she herself is learning from them. For Helfand, the problem design needs to solve next is problem solving itself. She feels that solutions need to be solved with the long-term in mind, rather than the immediate. I would agree with both of Helfand's points, for I have yet to stick with any one design mindset or philosophy, and though I currently think with immediacy in design, I should probably start to broaden the thought process when it comes to solutions.
Kit Hinrichs:
Hinrichs finds that the most influential design is typography. For him typography expresses emotional value through its letterforms and its versatility allows for usage on infinite applications. What Hinrichs feels needs redesigning are airports. He states that much of the technology within seems to be outdated, as well as the methods of security checks. As far as the relevance of typography goes, I would obviously agree with Hinrichs. There is so much personality in the typefaces I've come to know and appreciate, and I think that it is one the most important aspects of visual communication as a whole. As for the airport redesign, I wouldn't necessarily say it needs revamping just yet. Airports seem to do a good job with crowd control and security measures anyway, so don't fix it if it isn't broken.
Tony Hawk:
A professional skateboarder and owner of several skateboard companies and foundations. Tony Hawk finds the most inspirational design for him comes from Apple products. By developing visually appealing electronics and simplified operating systems, Apple has strived to create products that are more accessible to the general public. I myself agree with Hawk's praise for Apple products because as an owner of a Macbook and iPod, I found that initial use was easily done and the overall look Apple has created really speaks to me. Apple has created a near-minimalist aesthetic that reflects a sense of cleanliness, concision, and simplistic beauty.
Tuesday, March 1, 2011
Journal 5: AIGA Gain Conference, Jonathan Harris
Summary:
- Jonathan Harris is a computer programmer and web developer whose goals center on bringing humanity back into the digital age. Initially, Harris was an extremely hands-on person when it came to art and design, filling sketchbooks with elaborate thoughts, paintings, photos, objects, and more. But after losing 8 months of work in a mugging, he heavily reconsidered how he should develop his ideas, so he turned to computers and the web as a means of creating. Subsequently, in his numerous projects and extensive coding and isolation, he became increasingly separated and depressed. Harris's lecture was a summation and address of how technology is shaping how humans socialize and interact, and while technology may make things efficient, humanity is changing in way Harris fears isn't beneficial. So he resolved to create digital applications for the rapidly growing digital society that reinforce human interaction while keeping up with the times.
Reflection:
- Harris brought up many issues I myself am having this semester in terms of design. I understand that it is necessary to step away from my computer once in a while, but I often feel I work so slow and meticulously that often I fear that I don't have time to step away from my homework. Sure I'm sleep deprived, often giving up social time for homework, plus a lot of computer work involved, but that's the major. I understood and agreed full-heartedly in Harris points, and from this I will attempt to balance humanity and graphic design.
- Jonathan Harris is a computer programmer and web developer whose goals center on bringing humanity back into the digital age. Initially, Harris was an extremely hands-on person when it came to art and design, filling sketchbooks with elaborate thoughts, paintings, photos, objects, and more. But after losing 8 months of work in a mugging, he heavily reconsidered how he should develop his ideas, so he turned to computers and the web as a means of creating. Subsequently, in his numerous projects and extensive coding and isolation, he became increasingly separated and depressed. Harris's lecture was a summation and address of how technology is shaping how humans socialize and interact, and while technology may make things efficient, humanity is changing in way Harris fears isn't beneficial. So he resolved to create digital applications for the rapidly growing digital society that reinforce human interaction while keeping up with the times.
Reflection:
- Harris brought up many issues I myself am having this semester in terms of design. I understand that it is necessary to step away from my computer once in a while, but I often feel I work so slow and meticulously that often I fear that I don't have time to step away from my homework. Sure I'm sleep deprived, often giving up social time for homework, plus a lot of computer work involved, but that's the major. I understood and agreed full-heartedly in Harris points, and from this I will attempt to balance humanity and graphic design.
Monday, February 28, 2011
All About the Grid, and other Typographic questions
What are the advantages of a multiple column grid?
- A multiple column grid forces order onto a layout and acts as an orientating device for placing information by importance. It allows for complex information to be well-guided and seamless for linear reading and understanding. It also allows for good experimentation.
How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?
- 40-50 characters is the optimal amount for a line length. There should be anywhere from 6-8 words per line.
Why is the baseline grid used in design?
- It allows the bottom of every line of text to be set in uniform increments, allowing all lines to line up across the columns and creating good visual rhythm. Helps the structure.
What is a typographic river?
- Gaps that appearing to run down a paragraph of text, due to a coincidental alignment of spaces. They can occur regardless of the spacing settings, but are most noticeable with wide inter-word spaces caused by full text justification or monospaced fonts.
From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean?
- An imaginary line that aligns horizontally to text to allow for good readability and flow.
How can you incorporate white space into your designs?
- White or negative space can be incorporated into designs by grouping or breaking up text into sections. Also leaving margins blank and maintaining asymmetry in white space makes for an interesting composition. Adjusting justification/ragging, type size, and column size also helps.
What is type color/texture mean?
- Typographic color is determined by the typeface, weight, spacing, leading, line length and more. It can be used to create depth, contrast, and varying densities and values throughout the design.
What is x-height, how does it effect type color?
- X-height is the height from the baseline to usually the top of a lowercase letter in a typeface. It affects typographic color because it can give the copy varying values of color through its size differentiation.
In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?
- Minimum refers to the least amount of words before and after a hyphen. Maximum refers to the space being manipulated so the right and left margins are straight. Optimum refers to fitting the most amount of words in a given space with consideration to page style.
What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?
- There are many ways. It can be done through use of rules, color fields, dropcaps, different font-styles like bold or italic, weight, leading, size, indentation, highlights, spacing, and more. The only rule I know of is to not indent the first paragraph. Other rules include: size of indent (use equal to leading or slightly larger, but always less than 1/2"), if indenting do not add a space between paragraphs,
What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text.
- Make sure there are no more than 2 consecutive hyphenated words. Avoid frequent hyphenating, and avoid hyphenating headings. Don't leave hyphenated widow (two letters before or after hyphenation). Don't hyphenate proper nouns or people's names. Callout's should have words like "the" or "and" down the next line and not by themselves
What is a literature?
- What? I guess any body of work that incorporates language to relay information, non-fiction or otherwise.
What does CMYK and RGB mean?
- CMYK is the acronym for Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black and is commonly used in the color printing process. RGB means Red-Green-Blue and is an additive color spectrum that reproduces vast arrays of color in a similar way CMYK does, but is predominately used in electronic color display.
What does hanging punctuation mean?
- Hanging punctuation is when the first quotation hangs outside the line of copy.
What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?
- A foot mark is a straight line used for measurement, while an apostrophe is a single quotation mark used to close a word
What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?
- Quote marks indicate dialogue or speech, inch marks represent measurement.
What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.
- Hyphens are used to break words and lines. En dashes are used between words indicating duration of time. Em dashes are used for sudden changes in thought. Should not have three hyphens in a row.
What are ligatures, why are they used, when are they not used, what are common ligatures
- Ligatures are single forms incorporating two or more letters, parts that touch or overlap for instance fi and fl. S A set of standard ligatures would be- fi fl ff ffl or ffi. There are also special ligatures in which an extended set of many letters are combined for visual effect. The designer may choose when to use ligatures. Serifs are the typefaces that usually have ligatures.
- A multiple column grid forces order onto a layout and acts as an orientating device for placing information by importance. It allows for complex information to be well-guided and seamless for linear reading and understanding. It also allows for good experimentation.
How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?
- 40-50 characters is the optimal amount for a line length. There should be anywhere from 6-8 words per line.
Why is the baseline grid used in design?
- It allows the bottom of every line of text to be set in uniform increments, allowing all lines to line up across the columns and creating good visual rhythm. Helps the structure.
What is a typographic river?
- Gaps that appearing to run down a paragraph of text, due to a coincidental alignment of spaces. They can occur regardless of the spacing settings, but are most noticeable with wide inter-word spaces caused by full text justification or monospaced fonts.
From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean?
- An imaginary line that aligns horizontally to text to allow for good readability and flow.
How can you incorporate white space into your designs?
- White or negative space can be incorporated into designs by grouping or breaking up text into sections. Also leaving margins blank and maintaining asymmetry in white space makes for an interesting composition. Adjusting justification/ragging, type size, and column size also helps.
What is type color/texture mean?
- Typographic color is determined by the typeface, weight, spacing, leading, line length and more. It can be used to create depth, contrast, and varying densities and values throughout the design.
What is x-height, how does it effect type color?
- X-height is the height from the baseline to usually the top of a lowercase letter in a typeface. It affects typographic color because it can give the copy varying values of color through its size differentiation.
In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?
- Minimum refers to the least amount of words before and after a hyphen. Maximum refers to the space being manipulated so the right and left margins are straight. Optimum refers to fitting the most amount of words in a given space with consideration to page style.
What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?
- There are many ways. It can be done through use of rules, color fields, dropcaps, different font-styles like bold or italic, weight, leading, size, indentation, highlights, spacing, and more. The only rule I know of is to not indent the first paragraph. Other rules include: size of indent (use equal to leading or slightly larger, but always less than 1/2"), if indenting do not add a space between paragraphs,
What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text.
- Make sure there are no more than 2 consecutive hyphenated words. Avoid frequent hyphenating, and avoid hyphenating headings. Don't leave hyphenated widow (two letters before or after hyphenation). Don't hyphenate proper nouns or people's names. Callout's should have words like "the" or "and" down the next line and not by themselves
What is a literature?
- What? I guess any body of work that incorporates language to relay information, non-fiction or otherwise.
What does CMYK and RGB mean?
- CMYK is the acronym for Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black and is commonly used in the color printing process. RGB means Red-Green-Blue and is an additive color spectrum that reproduces vast arrays of color in a similar way CMYK does, but is predominately used in electronic color display.
What does hanging punctuation mean?
- Hanging punctuation is when the first quotation hangs outside the line of copy.
What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?
- A foot mark is a straight line used for measurement, while an apostrophe is a single quotation mark used to close a word
What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?
- Quote marks indicate dialogue or speech, inch marks represent measurement.
What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.
- Hyphens are used to break words and lines. En dashes are used between words indicating duration of time. Em dashes are used for sudden changes in thought. Should not have three hyphens in a row.
What are ligatures, why are they used, when are they not used, what are common ligatures
- Ligatures are single forms incorporating two or more letters, parts that touch or overlap for instance fi and fl. S A set of standard ligatures would be- fi fl ff ffl or ffi. There are also special ligatures in which an extended set of many letters are combined for visual effect. The designer may choose when to use ligatures. Serifs are the typefaces that usually have ligatures.
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